A STUDY ON GENDER DISPARITIES AND FACTORS OF FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION
Keywords:
Female employment, Marital status, Education, descriptive statisticsAbstract
Nearly half of the world's population is women, who have enormous potential but are underutilized in terms of contributing to the country's economic progress. The primary goal of the study is to analyze the gender disparities and socioeconomic variables that have an impact on women's employment, specifically with regard to Punjab. The employment of women is influenced by a variety of socioeconomic factors, including marital status, family history, education, and consideration of neighbors and relatives, among others. These variables have an impact both directly and indirectly. This research article analyses the comparative study between the Ludhiana and ferozepur district using primary data. To determine the real outcome, descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The result revealed that Ludhiana women have more jobs as compare to ferozepur district. There are 38.6 percent of females who have never been married in Ludhiana district, 55.4 percent of them who are currently married, 6.7 percent who are widowed, and 2.5 percent who are divorced and live apart from their spouses in ferozepur while 1.6 percent in Ludhiana district.
Downloads
References
Chatterjee, U., Murgai, R., & Rama, M. (2015). Job opportunities along the rural-urban gradation and female labor force participation in India. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (7412).
Chitra Sharma Mishra, Sukhmani Waraich, &. B S Bhatia. (2019). Women Entrepreneurs: A Study of Selected Districts of Punjab. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1.
Goldin, C. (1994). The U-shaped female labour force functions in economic development and economic history (NBER Working Paper No. 4707). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Kamuruana, G. (2011). Determinants of Female Labour force Participation in Wage Employment: evidence from Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi, Kenya).
Kanjilal-bhaduri, S., & Pastore, F. (2017). Returns to Education and Female Participation Nexus: Evidence from India Returns to Education and Female Participation Nexus: Evidence from India. 11209.
Kaufman, B.E. and J.L. Hotchkiss (2003) The Economics of Labour Markets, 6th edition, Dryden Press, Fort Worth.
Lama, T. C. (2021) Urbanization and Female Labour Force Participation rate in India.
Malhotra, P. (2017). Declining female labour force participation in India—Does education impact female labour force participation in India. Development Economics, 1-31.
Mitra, A. (2019). Women’s work in response to urbanization: Evidence from Odisha. ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change, 4(1), 92-106.
Nordman, C., & Roubaud, F. (2005). Reassessing the Gender Wage Gap: Does Labour Force Attachment Really Matter? Evidence from Matched Labour Force and Biographical Surveys in Madagascar. Paris: Dial
Punjabi, I., & Mehta, M. B. (2017). Role of Government in women entrepreneurial development. Allana Management Journal of Research, Pune, 7, 1-17.
Sharma, P., & Singh, S. (2021). Entrepreneurship in Punjab. In Organizing Entrepreneurship and MSMEs across India (pp. 63-86).
Syed, J., Ali, F., & Hennekam, S. (2018). Gender equality in employment in Saudi Arabia: a relational perspective. Career Development International, 23(2), 163177.
World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2016; Labor Force, Female (% of Total Labor Force), ILO.