Young Charlotte: Deciphering the Basics of American Balladry through ‘Reverse Folklore’

Abstract

This investigation delves into the universally accepted criteria that folklorists employ to distinguish authentic folk literature from similar, yet non-authentic, materials. These criteria have been established through rigorous fieldwork and studies in the discipline of folklore, transcending boundaries of culture, language, geographical context, and historical periods. A few key characteristics of authentic folk literature include oral transmission, existence of multiple versions, and the anonymity of the author or creator. A defining feature is the collective authorship attributed to a group rather than an individual. This collective authorship not only differentiates folk literature from classical literature but also ensures an honest and accurate representation of the incidents narrated within the folklore. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of an exceptional case - the poem ‘Young Charlotte’. Originally authored by an individual and published in a newspaper, ‘Young Charlotte’ was subsequently embraced as part of American folk literature. The poem has since evolved into a ballad with over two hundred distinct versions disseminated across America. The study illuminates the unique journey of ‘Young Charlotte’, tracing its transformation from a single-authored newspaper poem to a widely recognized folksong within American folk literature. It further discusses the various adaptations and variations that the ballad has undergone as it traversed different times and places, thereby reflecting the dynamic nature of folk literature.